Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno ekhulayo yamandla, ishishini elitsha lamandla liye lakhula kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo.Phakathi kwabo, imboni ye-Photovoltaic ibe yindawo eshushu kwishishini elitsha lamandla ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo nokuzinza, ubomi benkonzo ende kunye nokufakwa lula.Ukuba mva nje unombono wokuthenga iiphaneli zelanga okanye imodyuli ye-pv, kodwa ungazi ukuba ungakhetha njani.Jonga nje eli nqaku.
Ulwazi olusisiseko lweepaneli zelanga:
Iiphaneli zelanga ngokwenene zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba amandla avela elangeni, zifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye zivelise umbane ngokuguqula ifoton ibe yi-electron, kwaye loo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Photovoltaic effect.Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwipaneli yelanga, ii-photoelectrons kwiipaneli zikhuthazwa yimitha yelanga, evumela ukuba zenze izibini ze-photoelectron.Enye i-electron igeleza kwi-anode kwaye enye i-electron igeleza kwi-cathode, yenze indlela yangoku.Iipaneli zeSilicon zinobomi benkonzo engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25, kodwa ngokunyuka kweeyure zokusebenzisa, ukusebenza kwazo kuya kuncipha kwisantya esimalunga ne-0.8% ngonyaka.Ke ungakhathazeki, nasemva kokusetyenziswa kweminyaka eli-10, iiphaneli zakho zisagcina ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Namhlanje, iimveliso eziphambili kwimarike ziquka iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline, iipaneli ze-polycrystalline, iiphaneli ze-PERC kunye neepaneli zefilimu ezincinci.
Phakathi kwezo ntlobo zeepaneli zelanga, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline zezona zisebenza kakuhle kodwa zikwayona nto ibiza kakhulu.Oku kungenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa - kuba iiseli zelanga zenziwe ngeekristale ze-silicon, abavelisi kufuneka bathwale iindleko zokwenza ezo kristale.Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeCzochralase, inamandla amakhulu kwaye idala inkunkuma ye-silicon (enokuthi isetyenziswe ukwenza iiseli zelanga ze-polycrystalline).
Nangona kubiza kakhulu kuneepaneli ze-polycrystalline, iyasebenza kwaye isebenza kakhulu.Ngenxa yokusebenzisana kokukhanya kunye ne-silicon ecocekileyo, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline zibonakala zimnyama, kwaye zihlala zimhlophe okanye zimnyama ngasemva.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iipaneli, inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kwaye ivelise amandla amaninzi phantsi kokushisa okuphezulu.Kodwa ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso ye-silicon, iiphaneli ze-monocrystallien ziye zaba yimveliso eqhelekileyo kwimarike.Isizathu sokukhawulelana kwe-polycrystalline silicon ekusebenzeni kakuhle, enokufikelela kuphela kwi-20% ephezulu, ngelixa ukusebenza kweepaneli ze-monocrystalline ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-21-24%.Kwaye i-gap yexabiso phakathi kwabo iyancipha, ngoko ke, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline zizona ndlela zikhethwa kakhulu.
Iiphaneli ze-polycrystalline zenziwe nge-silicon wafer, eyenza lula inkqubo yokwenza iibhetri--ixabiso eliphantsi, ixabiso eliphantsi.Ngokungafaniyo neepaneli ze-monocrystalline, iipaneli ze-polycrystalline ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngelixa zibonisa ukukhanya.Nguwo lowo umahluko phakathi kwamaqhekeza e-silicon kunye ne-silicon ecocekileyo ngombala.
I-PERC imele iPassivated Emitter kunye neRear Cell, ekwabizwa ngokuba 'yiseli yangasemva', eveliswe kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Olu hlobo lwepaneli yelanga lusebenza ngakumbi ngokongeza umaleko emva kweeseli zelanga.Iiphaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo zifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye ukukhanya okunye kudlula ngokuthe ngqo kuzo.Uluhlu olongezelelweyo kwiphaneli yelanga ye-PERC inokufunxa ukukhanya okudlulayo kwakhona kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle.Itekhnoloji ye-PERC idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiipaneli ze-monocrystalline, kwaye amandla ayo alinganisiweyo awona aphezulu phakathi kweepaneli zelanga kwimarike.
Ukwahluke kwiipaneli ze-monocrystalline kunye neepaneli ze-polycrystalline, iipaneli zefilimu ezincinci zenziwe ngezinye izinto, ngokukodwa malunga ne: cadmium telluride (CdTe) kunye ne-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS).Ezi zixhobo zifakwe kwiglasi okanye kwi-backplanes yeplastiki endaweni ye-silicon, okwenza iiphaneli zefilimu ezincinci zibe lula ukuzifaka.Ngoko ke, unokonga iindleko zokufakela ezininzi.Kodwa ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanelekileyo yeyona nto imbi kakhulu, ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-15% kuphela.Ukongezelela, inobomi obufutshane obufaniswa neepaneli ze-monocrystalline kunye neepaneli ze-polycrystalline.
Unokukhetha njani iipaneli ezifanelekileyo?
Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nendawo oyisebenzisayo.
Okokuqala, ukuba ungumsebenzisi wendawo yokuhlala kwaye unendawo encinci yokubeka inkqubo yepaneli yelanga.Emva koko iipaneli zelanga ezinomgangatho ophezulu ophezulu ezifana neepaneli ze-monocrystalline okanye i-PERC iipaneli ze-monocrystalline ziya kuba ngcono.Banamandla aphezulu emveliso kwaye kungoko lolona khetho lugqibeleleyo lwendawo encinci yokwandisa umthamo.Ukuba ucatshukiswa ngamatyala aphezulu ombane okanye uwuthathe njengotyalo-mali ngokuthengisa umbane kwiinkampani zamandla ombane, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline aziyi kukuyeka.Nangona ixabisa ngaphezulu kweephaneli zepolycrystalline kwinqanaba langaphambili, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibonelela ngomthamo ophezulu kwaye ikuncede unciphise amatyala akho kumbane.Xa umvuzo wakho ekugcinweni kweebhilikhwe kunye nokuthengisa umbane (ukuba i-inverter yakho ikwigridi) ihlawula iindleko zeseti yezixhobo ze-photovoltaic, unokufumana intlawulo ngokuthengisa umbane.Olu khetho lukwasebenza kwiifektri okanye kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezisikelwe umda yindawo.
Imeko yokufakela iipaneli ze-polycrystalline ngokucacileyo ngokuchaseneyo.Ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi, iyasebenza kwimizi-mveliso okanye kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezinendawo eyaneleyo yokufakela iipaneli.Ngenxa yokuba ezi ndawo zineendawo ezaneleyo zokubeka iipaneli zelanga ukwenza ukungabikho kokusebenza kakuhle.Kule meko, iipaneli ze-polycrystalline zibonelela ngeendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiipaneli zefilimu ezincinci, ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iprojekthi yenkonzo enkulu ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okanye uphahla lwezakhiwo ezinkulu zorhwebo ezingenakuxhasa ubunzima beepaneli zelanga.Okanye ungazibeka kwiZithuthi zoLonwabo kunye nezikhephe 'njengesityalo esiphathwayo'.
Kuzo zonke, khetha ngokucophelela xa uthenga iipaneli zelanga, njengoko ubomi babo bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 ngokomyinge.Kodwa akunzima njengoko ucinga, nje ngokweenzuzo kunye nokungonakali kohlobo ngalunye lwepaneli yelanga, kwaye udibanise neemfuno zakho, ngoko unokufumana impendulo epheleleyo.
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