Theknoloji ea photovoltaic (PV), e sebelisang matla a letsatsi bakeng sa tlhahiso ea motlakase, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebetsana le tlhoko ea lefats'e ea matla a hloekileng. Har'a mahlale a fapaneng a PV, silicon e kristale e hlahella e le e hōlileng ka ho fetisisa le e amoheloang haholo. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba leeto la nts'etsopele, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, le lits'ebetso tse sebetsang tsa theknoloji ea PV ea silicon e kristale.
Tšimoloho le Ntlafatso ea Pele ea Theknoloji ea Silicon PV ea Crystalline
Theknoloji ea PV ea silicon e kristale e simolohile lilemong tsa bo-1950, ha bo-rasaense ba Bell Laboratories ba atlehile ho hlahisa sele ea pele ea letsatsi e thehiloeng ho silicon ka katleho e nang le bokhoni ba phetoho ea 6%. Le hoja ts'ebeliso ea eona ea pele e ne e lekanyelitsoe libakeng tsa theknoloji e phahameng joalo ka lipatlisiso tsa sepakapaka ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng, ketsahalo ena ea bohlokoa e tšoaile tsoalo ea theknoloji ea PV.
Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji le Khoebo
1. Liketsahalo tse Ncha lilemong tsa bo-1970
Lilemo tsa bo-1970 li bone keketseho ea tlhoko ea matla a hloekileng, e leng se ileng sa baka tsoelo-pele e kholo theknolojing ea kristale ea silicon PV. Bafuputsi ba ntlafalitse mekhoa ea tlhahiso, ba eketsa bokhoni ba phetoho ho 10%-15% mme ba rala motheo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea bongata.
2. Ho Hlaha ha 'Maraka lilemong tsa bo-1980
Lilemo tsa bo-1980 li tšoaile qalo ea khoebo ea 'maraka oa PV, e susumetsoang ke likhothaletso tsa mmuso bakeng sa matla a nchafatsoang. Mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea tlhahiso le moruo o moholo li fokolitse litšenyehelo, e leng se nolofalletsang ho amoheloa ka bongata libakeng tsa bolulo le tsa indasteri.
3. Ntlafatso ea Bokgoni Lilemong tsa bo-1990
Nakong ea lilemo tsa bo-1990, ntlafatso ea theknoloji e ile ea sutumelletsa bokhoni ba phetoho ho 15%-18%. Likhamphani tse kang Sharp le Suntech li hlahisitse lihlahisoa tse sebetsang hantle haholo, li potlakisa kholo ea 'maraka oa lefats'e.
4. Katoloso e Potlakileng Lilemong tsa bo-2000
Lilemo tsa bo-2000 li bone kholo e sa tloaelehang indastering ea PV, 'me theknoloji ea kristale ea silicon e ne e busa' maraka. Ka 2008, litsamaiso tsa PV li ile tsa fetoha karolo ea bohlokoa ea lefats'e la eneji, li tšehetsoa ke tsoelo-pele ea saense ea thepa, bokhoni le ho tšoarella.
Mekhoa ea Hona Joale le Litaelo tsa Nakong e Tlang
1. Mekhoa e Mecha ea Boitlhabollo e Botle haholo
Theknoloji ea silicon ea kristale joale e kenyelletsa li-module tsa monocrystalline le polycrystalline. Li-module tsa monocrystalline, tse ratoang ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona bo phahameng (20%-22%) le tšebeliso e ntle ea sebaka, li ntse li hola, ha li-module tsa polycrystalline li ntse li le likhetho tse theko e tlaase (15%-18%). Mahlale a macha a kang PERC (Passivated Emitter le Rear Cell) a tšepisa melemo e meng ea bokhoni.
2. Dimojule tsa Difahleho tse pedi
Theknoloji ea mahlakore a mabeli e lumella li-module ho monya khanya ea letsatsi mahlakoreng ka bobeli, e leng se eketsang tlhahiso ea matla ka 20%-30%, ho latela maemo a ho kenya. Tlhahiso ena e sebetsa haholo libakeng tse nang le khanya e phahameng 'me e atolosa maemo a ts'ebeliso ea eona.
3. Mekhoa e Bohlale le e Iketsang
Ho kopanngoa ha mela e bohlale ea tlhahiso le litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso ho ntlafalitse katleho ea tlhahiso. Tšebeliso ea IoT le data e kholo e nolofalletsa ho beha leihlo le ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa PV ka nako ea sebele, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e betere le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhokomelo.
Litšebeliso tse Sebetsang tsa Theknoloji ea Crystalline Silicon PV
1. Mekhoa ea Letsatsi ea Bolulo
Li-module tsa kristale tsa silicon PV li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tsa bolulo, moo ho kenngoa ha marulelo ho fokotsang likoloto tsa motlakase le ho khothaletsa bophelo bo tsitsitseng. Ho latela sebaka, linako tsa puseletso ea matsete hangata li tloha lilemong tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10.
2. Tšebeliso ea Liindasteri le ea Khoebo
Meaho ea indasteri le mehaho ea khoebo e ntse e sebelisa litsamaiso tsa PV marulelong le mehahong ea ho paka makoloi. Litsamaiso tsena li fana ka motlakase o iketsang 'me li lumella matla a mangata ho rekisoa hape ho gridi, e leng se hlahisang melemo ea moruo.
3. Litsebi tsa temo
Motsoako oa temo le theknoloji ea PV (mohlala, "ts'ebelisano-'moho ea temo ea letsatsi") e fana ka melemo e 'meli: tlhahiso ea matla a nchafatsoang le ntlafatso ea mobu. Ho kenya li-module tsa PV ka holim'a masimo ho nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea matla ntle le ho sitisa kholo ea lijalo.
4. Litharollo tse sa sebeliseng Gridi le Microgrid
Libakeng tse hole kapa tse sa keneng ka har'a marang-rang, litsamaiso tsa PV tsa kristale tsa silicon tse kopantsoeng le polokelo ea matla li fana ka motlakase o tšepahalang bakeng sa malapa le likhoebo tse nyane, li ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng.
Qetello
Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea PV ea kristale ea silicon e totobatsa phetoho ea eona ho tloha boqaping ba liteko ho ea ho kamohelong e pharalletseng. Tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele le tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea 'maraka li netefatsa hore theknoloji ena e lula e le ka pele indastering ea PV. E le lejoe la motheo la matla a nchafatsoang, theknoloji ea PV ea kristale ea silicon e kristale ha e nolofatse feela phetoho ho ea litsamaisong tsa matla a tsitsitseng empa hape e tšehetsa boiteko ba lefats'e ka bophara ho ea bokamosong bo hloekileng le bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Ka boqapi bo tsoelang pele le lits'ebetso tse ntseng li hola, bokamoso ba indasteri ea PV ntle ho pelaelo bo khanya.
