Tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi, e le tharollo e ka sehloohong ea matla a hloekileng, e hapile tlhokomelo e kholo indastering. Haeba u na le thahasello, ha re qoeliseng sebopeho sa lisele tsa letsatsi le thepa e amanang le eona ea photovoltaic.
Tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi, eo hangata e bitsoang lisele tsa letsatsi, e fetola khanya ea letsatsi ka ho toba hore e be motlakase. Liphanele tsa letsatsi, li-photon tse tsoang letsatsing li ntša lielektrone litlamong tsa athomo tsa thepa ea semiconductor. Ha lielektrone tsena li qobelloa ho tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le le leng, li hlahisa motlakase o ka matlafatsang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki kapa oa fepeloa ka har'a gridi ea motlakase.
Ho tloha ha setsebi sa fisiks sa Lefora Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel a qala ho theha theknoloji ea photovoltaic ka 1839, tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi e bile taba ea bohlokoa ea lipatlisiso. Kajeno, ka lihlopha tse kholo tsa lipatlisiso tse tsoang US, Japane le Europe li potlakisa khoebo ea litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa letsatsi, 'maraka oa machaba oa indasteri ea photovoltaic o ntse o hola.
Li-module tsa Photovoltaic
Leha thepa e disistimi tsa photovoltaic e fapana, dimmojule tsohle di na le dikarolo tse mmalwa ho tloha lehlakoreng le shebileng ka pele ho ya ka morao. Kganya ya letsatsi e qala ka lera le sireletsang (hangata khalase), ebe e feta ka lera le bonaletsang la ho ikopanya le kena seleng ka boyona. Bohareng ba mojule ho na le thepa e monyang, e tshwarang di-photon ho hlahisa motlakase. Mofuta wa thepa ya semiconductor e sebediswang o itshetlehile ka ditlhoko tse ikgethang tsa sistimi ya photovoltaic.
Ka tlas'a thepa ea monyang ke lera la tšepe le ka morao, le phethelang potoloho ea motlakase. Ka tlas'a lera la tšepe ho na le lera la filimi le kopaneng, le thibelang metsi le ho sireletsa mojule. Li-module tsa photovoltaic hangata li na le lera le leng la tšireletso le entsoeng ka khalase, motsoako oa aluminium, kapa polasetiki.
Lisebelisoa tsa Semiconductor
Lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor litsamaisong tsa photovoltaic e ka ba silicon, lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa polycrystalline, kapa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa monocrystalline. Lisebelisoa tsa silicon li kenyelletsa silicon e le 'ngoe e kristale, silicon e le 'ngoe e kristale, le silicon e se nang mofeto. Silicon e le 'ngoe e kristale, ka sebopeho sa eona se tloaelehileng, e na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho fetola photovoltaic ho feta silicon e le 'ngoe e kristale.
Ka silicon e se nang sebopeho, liathomo tsa silicon li ajoa ka mokhoa o sa reroang, e leng se fellang ka katleho e tlase ea phetoho ha e bapisoa le silicon e le 'ngoe. Leha ho le joalo, silicon e se nang sebopeho e ka hapa li-photon tse ngata, 'me ho e kopanya le likarolo tse kang germanium kapa carbon ho ka ntlafatsa thepa ena.
Koporo indium diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), le silicon e tšesaane ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo tsa polycrystalline thin-film. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle joalo ka gallium arsenide (GaAs) hangata li kenyelletsa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa monocrystalline silicon. Lisebelisoa tsena li khethoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng tsa photovoltaic tse ipapisitseng le thepa e ikhethang joalo ka kristale, boholo ba lekhalo la sehlopha, bokhoni ba ho monya le bonolo ba ho sebetsana.
Mabaka a Kantle a Amang Li-semiconductor
Tokisetso ea athomo sebopehong sa kristale e khetholla kristale ea thepa ea semiconductor, e leng se amang ka ho toba lipalangoang tsa tjhaja, bongata ba hona joale, le katleho ea phetoho ea matla ea lisele tsa letsatsi. Lekhalo la lebanta la thepa ea semiconductor le bolela matla a fokolang a hlokahalang ho tsamaisa lielektrone ho tloha boemong bo tlamiloeng ho ea boemong bo lokolohileng (ho lumella ho tsamaisoa ha motlakase). Lekhalo la lebanta, leo hangata le hlalosoang e le Eg, le hlalosa phapang ea matla pakeng tsa lebanta la valence (matla a tlase) le lebanta la ho tsamaisoa ha motlakase (matla a phahameng).
Koefficient ea ho monya e lekanya sebaka seo photon ea bolelele bo itseng ba leqhubu e ka se kenang sepakapakeng pele e monngoa. E khethoa ke thepa ea sele le bolelele ba leqhubu la photon e monngoang.
Litšenyehelo le bonolo ba ho sebetsana le thepa le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa semiconductor li itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa mofuta le boholo ba thepa e sebelisitsoeng, lipotoloho tsa tlhahiso, le litšobotsi tsa ho falla ha sele ka kamoreng ea ho beha. Ntlha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fihlelleng litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahiso ea photovoltaic.
