Mu rwego rwo guhaza ingufu zikenerwa n’ingufu, inganda nshya z’ingufu zazamutse mu myaka itanu ishize.Muri byo, Inganda za Photovoltaque zahindutse ahantu hashyushye mu nganda nshya kubera ingufu zizewe kandi zihamye, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende no kuyishyiraho byoroshye.Niba uherutse kugira igitekerezo cyo kugura imirasire yizuba cyangwa module ya pv, ariko ukaba utazi guhitamo.Gusa reba kuriyi ngingo.
Amakuru yibanze yizuba:
Imirasire y'izuba mubyukuri ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu gufata ingufu zizuba, bikurura urumuri rwizuba kandi bigatanga amashanyarazi muguhindura fotone muri electron, kandi iyo nzira yitwa Photovoltaic effect.Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rumurika kumirasire y'izuba, foto ya elegitoronike kuri panne ikangurwa nimirasire yizuba, ikabasha gukora ifoto ya elegitoroniki.Electron imwe itemba kuri anode indi electron ikagenda kuri cathode, ikora inzira igezweho.Ibikoresho bya Silicon bifite ubuzima bwimyaka irenga 25, ariko hamwe no kongera gukoresha amasaha, imikorere yabo izagabanuka mumuvuduko wa 0.8% kumwaka.Ntugahangayike, nubwo nyuma yimyaka 10 ikoreshwa, panne yawe iracyakomeza umusaruro mwinshi.
Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ku isoko birimo paneli ya monocrystalline, paneli polycrystalline, panne ya PERC hamwe na firime yoroheje.
Muri ubwo bwoko bw'izuba, imirasire ya monocrystalline niyo ikora neza ariko kandi ihenze cyane.Ibi biterwa nuburyo bwo gukora - kubera ko imirasire yizuba ikozwe muri kirisiti ya silicon imwe, abayikora bagomba kwishura ikiguzi cyo gukora izo kristu.Ubu buryo, buzwi nka Czochralase inzira, ni imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikora imyanda ya silicon (ishobora noneho gukoreshwa mu gukora ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba za polycristine).
Nubwo bihenze kuruta panike ya polycrystalline, irakora neza kandi ikora cyane.Bitewe n'imikoranire yumucyo na silikoni yera, paneli ya monocrystalline igaragara mwirabura, kandi mubisanzwe byera cyangwa umukara inyuma.Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho, bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bitanga ingufu nyinshi mubushyuhe bwinshi.Ariko hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kuzamura umusaruro wa silicon, paneli ya monocrystallien yabaye ibicuruzwa byingenzi ku isoko.Impamvu ni ukugabanya silikoni ya polycrystalline mu mikorere, ishobora kugera kuri 20% gusa, mugihe imikorere ya monocrystalline muri rusange ari 21-24%.Kandi ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati yabo kiragabanuka, kubwibyo, paneli monocrystalline niyo nzira rusange.
Ibikoresho bya polycrystalline bikozwe na silicon wafer, yoroshya inzira yo gukora bateri - igiciro gito, igiciro gito.Bitandukanye na monocrystalline, selile polycrystalline selile nubururu mugihe kigaragaza urumuri.Nibyo bitandukanye hagati ya silicon ibice na silikoni nziza ya kirisiti yamabara.
PERC isobanura Passivated Emitter na Rear Cell, kandi nanone yitwa 'selile selile', ikorwa mubuhanga buhanitse.Ubu bwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba burakora neza wongeyeho urwego rwizuba.Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe ikurura urumuri rw'izuba ku rugero runaka, kandi urumuri rukanyura muri rwo.Igice cyongeweho mumirasire yizuba ya PERC kirashobora kongera gucana urumuri rwanyuze no kunoza imikorere.Ubuhanga bwa PERC bukoreshwa muburyo bwa monocrystalline, kandi imbaraga zapimwe nizo zisumba izindi mumirasire y'izuba ku isoko.
Bitandukanye na paneli ya monocrystalline na polycrystalline, panne-firime yoroheje ikozwe mubindi bikoresho, ahanini byerekeranye na: kadmium telluride (CdTe) hamwe n'umuringa indium gallium selenide (CIGS).Ibi bikoresho bishyirwa mubirahuri cyangwa inyuma ya plastike aho kuba silikoni, bigatuma panne yoroheje yoroheje kuyishyiraho.Kubwibyo, urashobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi yo kwishyiriraho.Ariko imikorere yayo mumikorere niyo mibi, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwa 15% gusa.Mubyongeyeho, ifite igihe gito cyo kubaho ugereranije na monocrystalline paneli na polycrystalline.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo ikibaho gikwiye?
Biterwa nibyo ukeneye nibidukikije ukoresha.
Ubwa mbere, niba uri umukoresha utuye kandi ufite aho ugarukira kugirango ushyire imirasire yizuba.Noneho imirasire yizuba hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse nka paneli ya monocrystalline cyangwa PERC ya monocrystalline bizaba byiza.Bafite imbaraga zisohoka cyane nuko rero aribwo buryo bwiza bwo guhitamo agace gato kugirango bongere ubushobozi.Niba ubabajwe no kwishyuza amashanyarazi menshi cyangwa kuyifata nkigishoro mugurisha amashanyarazi mumasosiyete akora amashanyarazi, paneli monocrystalline ntizagutererana.Nubwo bisaba ibirenze panike ya polycrystalline mubyiciro byambere, ariko mugihe kirekire, itanga ubushobozi buhanitse kandi igufasha kugabanya fagitire mumashanyarazi.Iyo amafaranga winjije mu kuzigama fagitire no kugurisha amashanyarazi (niba inverter yawe iri kuri gride) yishyuye amafaranga yibikoresho byamafoto, ushobora no guhembwa mugurisha amashanyarazi.Ihitamo rirakoreshwa no muruganda cyangwa inyubako zubucuruzi zigarukira kumwanya.
Ibintu byo gushiraho pancrystalline biragaragara ko bitandukanye.Bitewe nigiciro gito, birakoreshwa muruganda cyangwa inyubako zubucuruzi zifite umwanya uhagije wo gushiraho panne.Kuberako ibyo bikoresho bifite ahantu bihagije byo gushyira imirasire yizuba kugirango ibashe kubura imikorere.Kuri ubu bwoko bwibihe, panike ya polycrystalline itanga ikiguzi kinini.
Kubijyanye na panne-firime yoroheje, bakunze gukoresha mumishinga minini yingirakamaro bitewe nigiciro cyayo gito kandi ikora neza cyangwa ibisenge byamazu manini yubucuruzi adashobora gushyigikira uburemere bwizuba.Cyangwa urashobora no kubishyira kumyidagaduro yimyidagaduro nubwato nk '' igihingwa cyimuka '.
Muri byose, hitamo witonze mugihe ugura imirasire yizuba, kuko ubuzima bwabo bushobora kugera kumyaka 20 mugereranije.Ariko ntabwo bigoye nkuko ubitekereza, ukurikije ibyiza nibibi bya buri bwoko bwizuba ryizuba, hanyuma ugahuza nibyo ukeneye, noneho urashobora kubona igisubizo cyiza.
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