Accumulator is a kind of battery which can store chemical energy and convert it into electric energy. It is widely used in home appliances, electric power system, vehicles and other fields. At present, a variety of types of batteries are widely used, of which the most common are Lead acid battery, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries. This article will introduce the advantages and disadvantages of various batteries.
Classification
1. Liquid lead-acid batteries
This is the most common kind of lead-acid battery, mainly used in cars, motorcycles and other start. Liquid lead-acid battery can be divided into common type, deep cycle type and AGM type.
2. Gel lead-acid batteries
Gel lead-acid battery with gel instead of liquid electrolyte, can make the battery more durable and safe.
3. Lead-carbon batteries
Lead-carbon battery is a new type of lead-acid battery. Compared with conventional lead-acid battery, it has higher energy density, longer life and better low temperature performance.
4. AGM lead-acid battery
The AGM lead-acid battery (adsorption type glass fiber diaphragm lead-acid battery) adopts special adsorption type glass fiber diaphragm, which can avoid the leakage of the battery and improve the charging efficiency of the battery.
Basic characteristics
1. Voltage: the typical voltage of a lead-acid battery is 12 volts, but there are other voltage levels.
2. Capacity: Battery capacity is the amount of current that the battery can provide in a given amount of time, in ampere hours (AH) . Lead-acid batteries range in capacity from 1.2AH to 3,000 AH.
3. Life: In general, lead-acid batteries have a life span of 3 to 5 years, depending on battery life and charge cycle.
4. Charging: lead-acid batteries are slow to charge and usually take more than 8 hours to recharge.
The use of precautions
1. Lead-acid batteries should be avoided in use for a long time without charging or over-charging, otherwise it will affect the battery life.
2. When you destroy batteries, you need to take care of the environment. You should find the relevant recycling agency.
3. When storing lead-acid batteries, keep them in a well-ventilated and dry place to avoid direct sunlight.
4. The battery must be removed or replaced in the correct order and manner, and should be kept between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to avoid short circuit.
In a word, lead-acid batteries are widely used in many fields. Different types of lead-acid batteries have different characteristics and advantages. Moreover, in the use of lead-acid batteries, the need to comply with certain precautions, so as to better protect the battery and extend its service life.
Here are the pros and cons of Lead acid battery:
Pros:
1. Low Cost: the production process of Lead acid battery is relatively simple, manufacturing costs are low, so its price is relatively low;
2. High Reliability: the design of the Lead acid battery and the use of the material is stable and reliable, with the ability to withstand a certain amount of excessive discharge and charging.
Cons:
1. Lower power density: the Lead acid battery has a lower power density and therefore a lower output power;
2. Short Life: the service life of Lead acid battery is relatively short, usually about 2-3 years;
3. Heavy: Lead acid battery of the same capacity are larger and heavier than other types of batteries.
Nickel-cadmium battery
Nickel-cadmium batteries have a higher power density than Lead acid battery and a longer cycle life. Nickel-cadmium batteries are commonly used in the military, industrial and aerospace industries. The advantages and disadvantages of ni-cd batteries are analyzed as follows:
Pros:
1. High power density: ni-cd batteries have a higher power density than Lead acid battery, and therefore have a higher output power;
2. Long cycle life: Nickel-cadmium battery life is long, usually can be recycled more than two thousand times;
3. Can withstand high temperature: ni-cd battery can withstand high temperature, can work in the temperature range of -20°C to 65°C.
Cons:
1. High material cost: ni-cd batteries use high purity nickel and cadmium and other materials, manufacturing costs are relatively high;
2. High toxicity: nickel-cadmium batteries are classified as toxic and hazardous due to the toxicity of cadmium, which means they require special treatment and recycling.
Nickel metal hydride battery
NI-MH battery is a kind of environment-friendly battery, which is mainly used in consumer electronics and other fields. It has a higher power density than Lead acid battery, a longer service life and a lighter weight. Here are the pros and cons of nimh batteries:
Pros:
1. High power density: the power density of ni-mh battery is higher;
2. Environmental Protection: ni-mh Battery does not contain harmful substances, will not cause harm to the environment;
3. Lighter: nimh batteries of the same capacity are smaller and lighter than their Lead acid battery counterparts.
Cons:
1. Higher prices: nickel-metal hydride battery prices are relatively high, high manufacturing costs;
2. Poor passivity: when the battery is not in use, its self-discharge rate is faster, so it needs to charge frequently to maintain the best performance.
Lithium-ion battery
The lithium-ion battery is one of the most popular batteries on the market, widely used in mobile devices, electric tools, electronic vehicles and other fields.
The lithium-ion battery was first developed by Sony in 1990. It involves inserting lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form an anode (traditional lithium batteries use lithium or lithium alloys as the anode) . LIXCOO2, LixNiO2 and Lixmno4 were used as cathode materials, and Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as electrolyte.
Depending on the type of electrolyte used in the Lithium-Ion Battery, the Lithium-Ion Battery can be divided into Liquified Lithium-Ion Battery (Lib) and Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery (PLB) , Lithium-Ion Battery Lithium-Ion Battery.
Here are the pros and cons of lithium-ion battery:
Pros:
1. High power density: lithium-ion battery have a higher power density than Lead acid battery and nicad batteries;
2. Long Life: the long life of the lithium-ion battery, can cycle charge and discharge thousands of times;
3. Lighter: lithium-ion battery are lighter than Lead acid battery and nickel-cadmium batteries.
Cons:
1. Easy to catch fire and explode: the stability of the lithium-ion battery is poor, if not charged and used in the correct way, leakage, short circuit and other problems, as well as fire and explosion safety problems;
2. Higher costs: the lithium-ion battery uses more materials internally and has higher manufacturing costs.
To sum up, different types of batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of which battery depends on the specific application and use needs. Cost, capacity, power density, service life, weight, safety and other factors should be fully considered when purchasing.
