Domin biyan buƙatun makamashi da ake samu, sabbin masana'antar makamashi ta haɓaka cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.Daga cikin su, masana'antar Photovoltaic ta zama wuri mai zafi a cikin sabon masana'antar makamashi saboda amincinta da kwanciyar hankali, tsawon rayuwar sabis da sauƙin shigarwa.Idan kwanan nan kuna da ra'ayin siyan sayan hasken rana ko pv module, amma ba ku san yadda ake zaɓar ba.Kawai kalli wannan labarin.
Bayanan asali na bangarorin hasken rana:
Solar panels sune na'urorin da suke amfani da su don kama makamashi daga rana, suna ɗaukar hasken rana kuma suna samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar canza photon zuwa electron, kuma wannan tsari shine ake kira Photovoltaic effect.Lokacin da hasken rana ya haskaka a kan hasken rana, na'urorin photoelectrons a kan bangarori suna motsa su ta hanyar hasken rana, yana ba su damar samar da nau'i-nau'i na photoelectron.Ɗayan electron yana gudana zuwa anode kuma ɗayan lantarki yana gudana zuwa cathode, yana samar da hanyar yanzu.Silicon panels suna da rayuwar sabis fiye da shekaru 25, amma tare da karuwar amfani da sa'o'i, ingancin su zai ragu a cikin sauri na kimanin 0.8% a kowace shekara.Don haka kada ku damu, ko da bayan shekaru 10 da aka yi amfani da su, bangarorin ku har yanzu suna ci gaba da aiki mai girma.
A zamanin yau, samfuran da suka fi dacewa a kasuwa sun haɗa da bangarori na monocrystalline, bangarori na polycrystalline, bangarori na PERC da bangarori na fim na bakin ciki.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan hasken rana, nau'ikan nau'ikan monocrystalline sune mafi inganci amma kuma mafi tsada.Wannan shi ne saboda tsarin masana'antu - saboda ana yin sel na hasken rana daga lu'ulu'u na silicon, masana'antun dole ne su ɗauki farashin yin waɗannan lu'ulu'u.Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da tsarin Czochralase, yana da ƙarfin kuzari kuma yana haifar da sharar gida (wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kera ƙwayoyin hasken rana na polycrystalline).
Ko da yake ya fi tsada fiye da polycrystalline panels, yana da inganci da babban aiki.Saboda hulɗar haske da siliki mai tsabta, sassan monocrystalline suna bayyana a baki, kuma yawanci fari ko baki a baya.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran bangarori, yana da babban juriya na zafi, kuma yana samar da ƙarin iko a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki.Amma tare da haɓaka fasahar fasaha da haɓakar samar da silicon, bangarorin monocrystallien sun zama babban samfuri a kasuwa.Dalilin shine iyakancewar siliki na polycrystalline a cikin inganci, wanda kawai zai iya kaiwa matsakaicin 20%, yayin da ingancin fa'idodin monocrystalline shine gabaɗaya 21-24%.Kuma tazarar farashin tsakanin su yana raguwa, sabili da haka, bangarori na monocrystalline sune mafi zaɓi na duniya.
Polycrystalline panels ana yin su ne ta hanyar wafer silicon, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsarin samar da batura - ƙananan farashi, ƙananan farashi.Ba kamar monocrystalline panels, polycrystalline panels suna da shuɗi yayin da suke nuna haske.Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin gutsutsayen siliki da siliki mai tsantsa mai launi.
PERC tana nufin Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, kuma ana kiranta da 'rear cell', wanda aka kera ta cikin fasahar ci gaba.Irin wannan tsarin hasken rana ya fi dacewa ta hanyar ƙara Layer bayan ƙwayoyin hasken rana.Na'urorin hasken rana na al'ada suna ɗaukar hasken rana zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, kuma wasu haske suna wucewa kai tsaye ta cikin su.Ƙarin Layer a cikin PERC hasken rana zai iya sake ɗaukar hasken da ke wucewa kuma ya inganta aiki.Ana amfani da fasahar PERC galibi a cikin bangarori na monocrystalline, kuma ƙimar ikonta ita ce mafi girma a tsakanin bangarorin hasken rana a kasuwa.
Daban-daban daga monocrystalline panels da polycrystalline panels, bakin ciki-film panels an yi su da wasu kayan, wanda yafi game da: cadmium telluride (CdTe) da kuma jan karfe indium gallium selenide (CIGS).Ana ajiye waɗannan kayan akan gilashin baya ko filastik maimakon siliki, wanda ke sa firam ɗin fim ɗin sauƙi don shigarwa.Saboda haka, za ka iya ajiye mai yawa shigarwa farashin.Amma aikinta a cikin inganci shine mafi muni, tare da mafi girman ingancin kawai 15%.Bugu da ƙari, yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci idan aka kwatanta da bangarori na monocrystalline da polycrystalline panels.
Ta yaya za ku zaɓi madaidaitan bangarori?
Ya dogara da bukatunku da yanayin da kuke amfani da shi.
Na farko, idan kai mai amfani ne kuma kana da iyakataccen yanki don sanya tsarin hasken rana.Sa'an nan kuma hasken rana tare da mafi girman inganci irin su monocrystalline panels ko PERC monocrystalline panels zai fi kyau.Suna da ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma kuma saboda haka sune mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙaramin yanki don haɓaka ƙarfin aiki.Idan kun ji haushin kuɗaɗen wutar lantarki mai yawa ko ɗaukar shi a matsayin saka hannun jari ta hanyar siyar da wutar lantarki ga kamfanonin wutar lantarki, rukunin monocrystalline ba zai bar ku ba.Ko da yake yana da tsada fiye da bangarori na polycrystalline a farkon mataki, amma a cikin dogon lokaci, yana ba da damar mafi girma kuma yana taimaka maka rage lissafin ku a cikin wutar lantarki.Lokacin da kuɗin ku na ajiyar kuɗi da siyar da wutar lantarki (idan inverter ɗin ku yana kan-grid) ya rufe kuɗin saitin na'urorin photovoltaic, har ma kuna iya samun kuɗi ta hanyar siyar da wutar lantarki.Hakanan wannan zaɓin yana aiki ga masana'antu ko gine-ginen kasuwanci waɗanda sararin samaniya ya iyakance.
Halin da ake ciki don shigar da bangarori na polycrystalline a fili yake akasin haka.Saboda ƙarancin tsadar su, yana da amfani ga masana'antu ko gine-ginen kasuwanci waɗanda ke da isasshen sarari don shigar da bangarori.Domin wadannan wurare suna da isassun wuraren da za a sanya na'urorin hasken rana don gyara rashin inganci.Don irin wannan halin da ake ciki, bangarori na polycrystalline suna ba da babban aikin farashi.
Dangane da faifan fina-finai na sirara, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin manyan ayyukan amfani saboda ƙarancin tsadarsu da ingancinsu ko kuma rufin manyan gine-ginen kasuwanci waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar nauyin hasken rana ba.Ko kuma kuna iya sanya su a kan Motoci na Nishaɗi da kwale-kwale a matsayin 'tsarar tafi da gidanka'.
Gabaɗaya, zaɓi a hankali lokacin siyan fakitin hasken rana, saboda tsawon rayuwarsu zai iya kaiwa shekaru 20 a matsakaici.Amma ba shi da wahala kamar yadda kuke tunani, kawai bisa ga fa'ida da rashin amfani na kowane nau'in panel na hasken rana, kuma ku haɗa tare da bukatun ku, to zaku iya samun cikakkiyar amsa.
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